In the Islamic legal and economic system, a precise mechanism for land use is defined. The classification of lands, along with the flexible methods available to the government for the allocation of land, raises the question of what is the most desirable method for State lands allocation based on the Islamic legal and economic system? Accordingly, the purpose of the present study is to find a favorable strategy for the transfer of State lands within the framework. The method used in this article is game theory, in which the main actors are the government as the custodian of land management and the applicants for land acquisition, both individuals and legal entities, each of which pursues different goals and strategies. The concept of Nash equilibrium has been used to find the Optimal strategy in which none of the actors will be willing to deviate from the status quo. The results of research based on two scenarios of higher profits of productive and useful economic activities than Speculative activities and vice versa, indicate that the allocation of land in exchange for taxes commensurate with the level of production, is the best way for the Islamic government because firstly It will be sustainable and high income, secondly, it will provide excellent support for productive economic activities, and finally, it will prevent speculative activities.

Homogenous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) engines hold promise of high fuel efficiency and low emission levels for future green vehicles. But in contrast to gasoline and diesel engines, HCCI engines suffer from lack of having direct means to initiate combustion. A combustion timing controller with robust tracking performance is the key requirement to leverage HCCI application in production vehicles. In this paper, a two-State control-oriented model is developed to predict HCCI combustion timing for a range of engine operation. The experimental validation of the model confirms the accuracy of the model for HCCI control applications. An Optimal integral State feedback controller is designed to control the combustion timing by modulating the ratio of two fuels. Optimization methods are used in order to determine the controller’s parameters. The results demonstrate the designed controller can reach Optimal combustion timing within about two engine cycles, while showing good robustness to physical disturbances.

The subject of this article is the necessity of achieving Islamic constructions of the "State" institution in the Islamic Republic. The key question of the study is: "in what strategic vacuum do the roots of the crisis of the Islamic Republic lie? " In response to the aforementioned question, using the "crisis methodology" (Sprigens), and relying on Ayatollah Khamenei’ s political-economic thought, it has been concluded that the incomplete process of internal power-building in the country’ s political system has been the origin of numerous social damages in Iranian society; this defect in its turn lies in the inadequacy of Islam’ s criteria in five elements: " State men‘ s manner and Character", "structures, institutions, and foundations", "systems", "softwares" and "patterns". Providing the norms of Islamic quality in these elements will lead to the Islamic State-building in the religious democracy system and will further enhance the efficiency of the Islamic economic political system in governing society.

This paper has as its aim to draw the outward appearance of political participation in the Islamic State. Political participation in Muslim society is, for theoretical and technical reasons, reduced to political pluralism, which is meant the formation and legitimacy of political parties in that society. Political parties are divided in two major groups according to geographical and ideological domains.As to the former group, political parties are in turn subdivided into regional and ones, and as to the latter, political parties and wings constitute two main Islamic and non Islamic parties. Islamic parties are also divided into theological and jurisprudential groups. The paper attempts to briefly explain the advantages, disadvantages and the rules governing the activities of jurisprudential political parties taking into account the conditions of Muslim society.

Lentinula edodes mushroom is the edible and medicinal mushroom. The flavor, pleasant odor and pharmaceutical attribute it has been noted. In different country experimental cultivation of Lentinula edodes has been carried out using wood shavings with or without Coffee pulp, sugar cane bagasse, and straw from several cereals. The purpose of this study is investigation about Optimal growth conditions of Lentinula edodes under laboratory conditions. The experiment designed based on taghuchi design by 8 different composts with 3 different woods on process of mycelium growth and compost weight increasing with 3 replicates. Results showed the compost that contains molasses, wheat straw and wheat bran had the most rate growth on the compost weight increasing and mycelium growth. Also the compost with just wood chips not have any nutrient material had shown the minimum result of mycelium growth. Analysis of data shows that the different types of woods have no significant effect on mycelium growth. However, molasses and wheat bran addition have significant effect on mycelium growth.

In this paper, a novel risk-based, two-objective (technical and economical) Optimal reactive power dispatch method in a wind-integrated power system is proposed which is more consistent with operational criteria.  The technical objective includes the minimization of the new voltage instability risk index. The economical objective includes cost minimization of reactive power generation and active power loss. The proposed voltage instability risk employs a hybrid possibilistic (Delphi-Fuzzy)-probabilistic approach that takes into consideration the operator’s experience, the wind speed and demand forecast uncertainties when quantifying the risk index. The decision variables are the reactive power resources of the system. To solve the problem, the modified multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm with sine and cosine acceleration coefficients is utilized. The method is implemented on the modified IEEE 30-bus system. The proposed method is compared with those in the previously published literature, and the results confirm that the proposed risk index is better at estimating the voltage instability risk of the system, especially in cases with severe impact and low probability. In addition, according to the simulation results compared to typical security-based planning, the proposed risk-based planning may increase the security and economy of the system due to better utilization of system resources.